E. M. Forster

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Standard Name: Forster, E. M.
Used Form: Edward Morgan Forster
EMF was a major novelist of the early twentieth century (despite his slender lifetime output of five novels). He was also a short-story writer, an influential critic of fiction, and the author of travel writing, surviving letters, and an opera libretto. He produced a pioneering text of post-colonialism in his final published novel, A Passage to India. After his death he was accorded the status of an activist for the acceptance of homosexual love between men, on the appearance of his polemical, posthumously-published novel Maurice.
Painting of E. M. Forster by Roger Fry, 1911. Forster looks straight at the viewer, wearing a greenish suit with handkerchief in breast pocket, seated in a soft chair with patterned and floral cushions.

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Education Zadie Smith
ZS went to Malorees Junior School and then to Hampstead Comprehensive .
Tew, Philip. Zadie Smith. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
27
She was a shy, quiet girl and an overweight, anti-social adolescent, who used reading as an escape and refuge. She also loved...
Education Q. D. Leavis
QDL defended her Cambridge dissertation, which was supervised by I. A. Richards , with E. M. Forster as external advisor.
MacKillop, Ian. F.R. Leavis: A Life in Criticism. Allen Lane, 1995.
130, 132
“Obituary: Mrs. Q.D. Leavis”. Times, 19 Mar. 1981, p. 16.
16
Family and Intimate relationships Virginia Woolf
Leonard Woolf was a close Cambridge friend of Virginia's brother Thoby Stephen and a member of the Apostles . A Jew, with family roots in London and Amsterdam, he grew up in London, first...
Fictionalization Emily Spender
E. M. Forster used ES as a source for Miss Lavish, a woman writer of romances who appears in A Room With a View, 1908. The basis of his portrait is the impression made...
Fictionalization Elizabeth von Arnim
EA inspired a number of creative portraits by her contemporaries during the earlier part of her career. Probably the best-known is the character of Mrs Failing in E. M. Forster 's novel The Longest Journey...
Fictionalization Emily Spender
ES was well-known enough in Italy for copies of this book to be supplied to officers' mess-rooms of the Italian Army as a special compliment to the authoress.
qtd. in
Blain, Virginia et al., editors. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present. Yale University Press; Batsford, 1990.
It was also for sale in the...
Friends, Associates Sara Jeannette Duncan
E. M. Forster wrote in a letter that Mrs Cotes [Sara Jeanette Duncan] was clever and odd—nice to talk to alone, but at times the Social Manner descended like a pall.
Fowler, Marian. Redney: A Life of Sara Jeannette Duncan. Anansi, 1983.
288-9
Friends, Associates Viola Meynell
VM met Lawrence through Ivy Low . Enthusiastic about his writing, she offered to lend him her cottage and to do his typing. During his stay on the Meynells' property, Lawrence introduced Viola to Ottoline Morrell
Friends, Associates Sara Jeannette Duncan
SJD also met novelist E. M. Forster who came to India in 1912 two years after the publication of Howard's End.
Fowler, Marian. Redney: A Life of Sara Jeannette Duncan. Anansi, 1983.
286
Friends, Associates Naomi Mitchison
NM 's adult friends included artists and writers such as Gertrude Hermes , Storm Jameson , Goldie Lowes Dickinson , Julian Trevelyan , Gerald Heard , and Rudi Messel . Among the close friends were...
Friends, Associates Elizabeth von Arnim
At Nassenheide, her home in Germany, EA employed the first of a series of Cambridge tutors for her children, who famously included future writers E. M. Forster and Hugh Walpole .
Usborne, Karen. "Elizabeth": The Author of Elizabeth and Her German Garden. Bodley Head, 1986.
96, 102, 120
Friends, Associates Amabel Williams-Ellis
AWE 's friends and associates included Edith Sitwell , whose poems she often published in The Spectator; Storm Jameson , a political mentor
Williams-Ellis, Amabel. All Stracheys Are Cousins. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983.
128
as well as a creative advisor; Bertrand and Dora Russell
Friends, Associates Elizabeth von Arnim
Of the tutors Charles Erskine Stuart became her admirer; E. M. Forster discussed novel-writing with her; and Hugh Walpole became her life-long friend. She invited Forster to Nassenheide on the recommendation of her nephew Sydney Waterlow
Friends, Associates Edith Sitwell
By 1919 ES was also friendly with Arnold Bennett and his wife Marguerite . Wyndham Lewis became a great friend, did many drawings of her, and demonstrated a sexual interest in her as well, which...
Friends, Associates Ann Bridge
AB 's correspondents included Ka Arnold-Foster , John Betjeman , E. M. Forster , Margaret Haig Rhondda , Margaret Irwin , John Masefield , Naomi Mitchison , I. A. Richards , Vita Sackville-West , and...

Timeline

After February 1917: Supporters of the Russian Revolution including...

Writing climate item

After February 1917

Supporters of the Russian Revolution including Evelyn Sharp founded the 1917 Club to provide a venue for freely discussing the revolution without fear of attracting attention under the Defence of the Realm Act or Dora.
Sharp, Evelyn. Unfinished Adventure. John Lane, Bodley Head, 1933.
231

1920: Carrington painted her portrait E. M. Fo...

Building item

1920

Carrington painted her portrait E. M. Forster.
Palmer, Alan, and Veronica Palmer. The Chronology of British History. Century, 1992.
359

1924: Billy Budd, Foretopman, a novella written...

Writing climate item

1924

Billy Budd, Foretopman, a novella written by Herman Melville in 1891, was published posthumously in a volume entitled Billy Budd, and Other Prose Pieces.
Weinstock, Herbert, and Wallace Brockway. The World of Opera: The Story of its Origins and the Lore of its Performance. Pantheon Books, 1962.
443
Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th ed., Oxford University Press, 1985.
The Life and Works of Herman Melville. http://www.melville.org/.

1928: Edwin Muir published The Structure of the...

Writing climate item

1928

Edwin Muir published The Structure of the Novel.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Kermode, Frank. “Fiction and E. M. Forster”. London Review of Books, 10 May 2007, pp. 15-24.
17

4 October 1928: The Young PEN Club, designed for beginning...

Building item

4 October 1928

The Young PEN Club , designed for beginning writers, held its inaugural meeting, chaired by John Galsworthy ; also present were E. M. Forster and the young Frances Parker (soon to be Bellerby) .
Gittings, Robert, and Frances Bellerby. “Introduction”. Selected Poems, edited by Anne Stevenson and Anne Stevenson, Enitharmon Press, 1986.
15

24 February 1934: The National Council for Civil Liberties...

National or international item

24 February 1934

The National Council for Civil Liberties was founded by journalist Ronald Kidd , who had witnessed the treatment of hunger marchers in London in November 1932.
Liberty: A Brief History. http://web.archive.org/web/20080807173131/http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/about/1-history/index.shtml.
Blondel, Nathalie. Mary Butts: Scenes from the Life. McPherson & Company, 1998.
443n8

21-25 June 1935: The First International Congress of Writers...

National or international item

21-25 June 1935

The First International Congress of Writers for the Defence of Culture (an anti-fascist event urging the responsibility of writers to their society) was held in Paris.
Rowley, Hazel. Christina Stead: A Biography. Secker and Warburg, 1995.
169-77

4 October 1951: E. M. Forster's praise for the accomplishments...

Writing climate item

4 October 1951

E. M. Forster 's praise for the accomplishments of the BBC's Third Programme was published in The Listener.
Whitehead, Kate. The Third Programme: A Literary History. Clarendon Press, 1989, http://UofA Rutherford North.
68

Texts

Forster, E. M. A Passage to India. Edward Arnold, 1924.
Forster, E. M. A Room With a View. Edward Arnold, 1908.
Forster, E. M. A Room With A View. Editor Stallybrass, Oliver, Holmes and Meier, 1977.
Forster, E. M. Aspects of the Novel. Edward Arnold, 1927.
Forster, E. M. Howards End. Edward Arnold, 1910.
Forster, E. M. Howards End. Editor Stallybrass, Oliver, The Abinger Edition, The Provost and Scholars of King’s College, 1973.
Forster, E. M. “Introduction and General Notes”. A Room With a View, edited by Oliver Stallybrass, Holmes and Meier, 1977, pp. vii - xix; 221.
Forster, E. M., and Eliza Fay. “Introductory Note”. Original Letters from India, Hogarth Press, 1925, pp. 7-24.
Forster, E. M. Maurice. MacMillan, 1971.
Fay, Eliza, and E. M. Forster. Original Letters from India. Hogarth Press, 1925.
Forster, E. M. The Celestial Omnibus, and Other Stories. Sidgwick and Jackson, 1911.
Forster, E. M. The Life to Come, and Other Stories. Edward Arnold, 1972.