Eliza Haywood

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Standard Name: Haywood, Eliza
Birth Name: Elizabeth Fowler
Married Name: Eliza Haywood
Pseudonym: A Young Lady
Pseudonym: Mira
Pseudonym: Euphrosine
Pseudonym: The Authors of the Female Spectator
Pseudonym: The Author of the Fortunate Foundlings
Pseudonym: Exploralibus
Pseudonym: The Son of a Mandarin, residing in London
EH was the most prolific novelist by number of titles (even ignoring those doubtfully ascribed) between Aphra Behn and Charlotte Smith . She also wrote poems, plays, periodicals, conduct books, translation, and theatre history. Her output of 72 works and four collections (actual or planned) skews all graphs of the rising output of published works by women. Some readers find the endless, breathless sex scenes of her earlier fiction tedious; but behind the sensationalism is a sharp mind. She is hilariously satirical, pointedly topical, formally inventive and experimental, and trenchantly critical of power misused (in both political and gender relations). Her career shows a certain direction as well as a constant opportunism. The varied origins of the novel gave her scope for original hybridizations of the pliable new form. Her Betsy Thoughtless first brought to the post-Richardsonian novel a female viewpoint unmonitored by male mentors. Her Female Spectator was the first woman's work in the new magazine genre.
Black and white engraving of Eliza Haywood by George Vertue after a painting by James Parmentier. It has an oval frame tied with a ribbon at the top and set within a rectangular from. Haywood's hair is tied back, with a lock of it showing on her left shoulder. She is wearing a dress with a deep decolletage and lace at the bosom. This engraving was used as frontispiece to vol. i of her "Secret Histories, Novels and Poems", of which the second (and perhaps only) edition appeared in 1725.

Connections

Connections Author name Excerpt
Education Elizabeth Boyd
EB says nothing about how she learned the things she knew—an acquaintance with English literature, some history, and at least a smattering of French and Latin—but she may well have been largely self-taught. She often...
Family and Intimate relationships Dorothea Du Bois
DDB 's family was, it appears, distantly related to that of Eliza Haywood .
Spedding, Patrick. A Bibliography of Eliza Haywood. Pickering and Chatto, 2003.
384
Family and Intimate relationships William Congreve
Congreve's daughter therefore grew up with the name and identity of Mary Godolphin , from her supposed and legal father. (Henrietta's title, held in her own right of descent from her famous father, was not...
Family and Intimate relationships Selina Davenport
Her father, Captain Charles Granville Wheler , was a great-nephew of Sir George Wheler , a traveller, clergyman, scholar, and early member of the Royal Society , who had a family estate in Kent. (...
Family and Intimate relationships Dorothea Du Bois
This most sensational trial of the mid-century was reported in detail by the Gentleman's Magazine the following year, and used in more or less avowed fictions by Eliza Haywood in Memoirs of an Unfortunate Young...
Friends, Associates Alexander Pope
Pope's relationships with women, particularly women who wrote, tended to be complicated and turbulent. They have been ably studied by scholar Valerie Rumbold . Contrary to rumour, he apparently liked and respected Anne Finch ...
Friends, Associates Martha Fowke
She formed close links with a group of male poets who held opposition political views: James Thomson , Aaron Hill (who was corresponding with her by June 1721), Richard Savage (with whom she was exchanging...
Friends, Associates Susanna Centlivre
In the 1720s she belonged to an informal literary club which included Anthony Hammond (with whom she was supposed to have had her most youthful liaison), Ambrose Philips , Martha Fowke , and Eliza Haywood .
Bowyer, John Wilson. The Celebrated Mrs Centlivre. Duke University Press, 1952.
229-30
Friends, Associates Jonathan Swift
Swift helped and befriended a number of women writers. He was a patron of Mary Barber , Constantia Grierson , an unidentified Mrs Sican , Mary Davys , and Laetitia Pilkington , a colleague of...
Intertextuality and Influence Penelope Aubin
The moral aims of PA 's fiction are clear enough; critic Sarah Prescott , however, suggests that morality may have been less an impulse than a stock in trade.
Prescott, Sarah. “Penelope Aubin and The Doctrine of Morality: a reassessment of the pious woman novelist”. Women’s Writing, Vol.
1
, No. 1, 1994, pp. 99-112.
107
Aubin was also, unmistakably, one...
Intertextuality and Influence Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
The emotional outpouring of the early letters sounds unmediated; yet they are modelled on a style used in epistolary fiction by Behn and Haywood .
Intertextuality and Influence Aphra Behn
Nancy Copeland has observed in a recent study of Behn, Centlivre , and gender that adaptations of this play, by Eliza Haywood in A Wife to be Lett, 1723, and Hannah Cowley in A...
Intertextuality and Influence Sydney Owenson Lady Morgan
She here turns to use some of the research she had done with the intention of writing a non-fictional study of Belgium (only recently constituted as a nation) and its politics, and a guide-book element...
Intertextuality and Influence Sarah Murray
The first anecdote about the girls is sentimental in tone. The sweet and lovely Miss Menil reforms the eleven-year-old malicious telltale Miss Cummings by taking her part when she has done wrong. Miss Cummings, filled...
Intertextuality and Influence Laetitia Pilkington
LP was vividly aware of the literary handicap represented by her gender. But she was choosy about claiming influence. She decried Manley , Haywood , and Mary Barber (whose poems, she says, would have been...

Timeline

3 April 1592: The early, anonymous tragedy Arden of Feversham...

Writing climate item

3 April 1592

The early, anonymous tragedy Arden of Feversham was entered in the Stationers' Register ; the title character is murdered by his adulterous wife.
Arber, Edward, editor. A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London 1554-1660, A. D. Privately Printed, 1875–1894, 5 vols.
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.
Spedding, Patrick. A Bibliography of Eliza Haywood. Pickering and Chatto, 2003.
344-5

1669: G. J. Guilleragues published, anonymously,...

Writing climate item

1669

G. J. Guilleragues published, anonymously, Lettres portugaises (sometimes called Letters of a Portuguese Nun).
Day, Robert Adams. Told in Letters: Epistolary Fiction Before Richardson. University of Michigan Press, 1966, http://U of A HS.
32
Todd, Janet. The Secret Life of Aphra Behn. Rutgers University Press, 1997.
490n12
English Short Title Catalogue. http://estc.bl.uk/.

19 May 1720: A New Miscellany, edited by Anthony Hammond,...

Women writers item

19 May 1720

A New Miscellany, edited by Anthony Hammond , included work by Pope , Prior , William Bond , George Sewell , Susanna Centlivre , Delarivier Manley , Eliza Haywood , Martha Fowke , and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu .
Lonsdale, Roger, editor. Eighteenth-Century Women Poets. Oxford University Press, 1990.
84
Grundy, Isobel. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Comet of the Enlightenment. Clarendon, 1999.
198

29 February 1724: Daniel Defoe anonymously published The Fortunate...

Writing climate item

29 February 1724

Daniel Defoe anonymously published The Fortunate Mistress, or . . . Lady Roxana, his second fictional autobiography of a woman living on her wits.
Moore, John Robert. A Checklist of the Writings of Daniel Defoe. Indiana University Press, 1960.
185

February 1726: Richard Savage published his Miscellaneous...

Writing climate item

February 1726

Richard Savage published his Miscellaneous Poems and Translations: dedicated to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu , it included work by Eliza Haywood , Martha Fowke , and Miranda Hill .
Grundy, Isobel. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Comet of the Enlightenment. Clarendon, 1999.
263-4 and nn68, 69
Prescott, Sarah. Women, Authorship, and Literary Culture, 1690-1740. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

December 1728: George II's eldest son, then Frederick Augustus,...

National or international item

December 1728

George II 's eldest son, then Frederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Lunenburg , arrived in England for the first time.
Backscheider, Paula R. “The Shadow of an Author: Eliza Haywood”. Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Vol.
11
, No. 1, 1998, pp. 79-102.
97

27 April 1736: Frederick Prince of Wales married Princess...

National or international item

27 April 1736

Frederick Prince of Wales married Princess Augusta , who had first met him two days before, when she landed in England.
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
6 (1736): 230
Backscheider, Paula R. “The Shadow of an Author: Eliza Haywood”. Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Vol.
11
, No. 1, 1998, pp. 79-102.
99

19 February 1747: Mrs Penelope Pry (possibly though not probably...

Building item

19 February 1747

Mrs Penelope Pry (possibly though not probably Eliza Haywood ) edited the only surviving issue of The Lady's Weekly Magazine, published in London.
White, Cynthia L. Women’s Magazines 1693-1968. Michael Joseph, 1970.
28

1 January 1753: According to her own story, Elizabeth Canning,...

National or international item

1 January 1753

According to her own story, Elizabeth Canning , a maidservant, was abducted, after which she was imprisoned for days.
Gentleman’s Magazine. Various publishers.
23 (1752): 107-9

1754: The Rev. William Dodd published his novel...

Writing climate item

1754

The Rev. William Dodd published his novel The Sisters; or, The History of Lucy and Caroline Sanson, Entrusted to a False Friend, a morally oversimplified example of the bad-sister-damned/good-sister-saved plot.
Campbell, Ann M. “Sister Plots: The Double in English Courtship Novels”. American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS) Conference, Milwaukee, WI, 27 Mar. 1999.

1 November 1755: A major earthquake at Lisbon in Portugal...

National or international item

1 November 1755

A major earthquake at Lisbon in Portugal killed more than 10,000 people (estimates vary), provoking theological debate between Rousseau and Voltaire about the nature of evil.
Wollstonecraft, Mary. Mary; and, The Wrongs of Woman. Editor Kelly, Gary, World’s Classics, Oxford University Press, 1980.
28, 211
Mantel, Hilary. “The Real Price of Everything”. London Review of Books, 21 June 2007, pp. 3-6.
3
King, Kathryn R. “The Young Lady, the Old Maid, and the Lisbon Earthquake”. Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies annual conference, 19 Oct. 2017.
The heroine of Wollstonecraft 's first...

1780: James Harrison (hitherto chiefly known as...

Writing climate item

1780

James Harrison (hitherto chiefly known as a music publisher) began to issue the handsomely-produced Novelists' Magazine, a weekly serial reprinting of canonical novels.
Shevlin, Elinor. “’It is the intention of the Editor’: Griffith’s, Harrison’s, and Cooke’s collections and the making of the English novel”. American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS) Conference, New Orleans, LA, 21 Apr. 2001.
British Library Catalogue. http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?dscnt=0&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1489778087340&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&fromLo.
Fleeman, John David, and James McLaverty. A Bibliography of the Works of Samuel Johnson. Clarendon Press, 2000, 2 vols.
2: 1023

1814: John Colin Dunlop published The History of...

Writing climate item

1814

John Colin Dunlop published The History of Fiction: Being a Critical Account of the Most Celebrated Prose Works of Fiction, from the Earliest Greek Romances to the Novels of the Present Age.
Warner, William Beatty. Licensing Entertainment: The Elevation of Novel Reading in Britain, 1684-1750. University of California Press, 1998.
15, 18
Solo: Search Oxford University Libraries Online. 18 July 2011, http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=OXVU1&fromLogin=true&reset_config=true.

27 September 1968: The tribal love-rock musical Hair, a few...

Building item

27 September 1968

The tribal love-rock musicalHair, a few months into its four-year run on Broadway, opened in London the day after censorship was ended by the Theatres Act.
“1968: Musical Hair opens as censors withdraw”. BBC. On this Day, 27 Sept. 1968.

Texts

Haywood, Eliza. A Letter from H—— G——, Esq. Printed and sold at the Royal Exchange, Temple Bar, Charing Cross, and all the Pamphlet Shops of London and Westminster, 1750.
Haywood, Eliza. A Present for a Servant-Maid. T. Gardner, 1743.
Haywood, Eliza. A Wife to be Lett. D. Browne, Jr. and S. Chapman, 1723.
Haywood, Eliza. Adventures of Eovaai. S. Baker, 1736.
Haywood, Eliza. Adventures of Eovaai. Broadview, 1999, http://HSS.
Haywood, Eliza. Anti-Pamela. J. Huggonson, 1741.
Haywood, Eliza. Bath-Intrigues. J. Roberts, 1724.
Haywood, Eliza. Cleomelia. J. Millan, 1727.
Haywood, Eliza. Dalinda. C. Corbett and G. Woodfall, 1749.
Haywood, Eliza. “Elegy on Manley”. The Plain Dealer, edited by Aaron Hill, No. 53, A. Hill and W. Bond, 1724.
Haywood, Eliza. Epistles for the Ladies. T. Gardner, 1750, 2 vols.
Haywood, Eliza. Epistles for the Ladies. Editors Blouch, Christine and Alexander Pettit, Pickering and Chatto, 2000.
Haywood, Eliza. Fatal Fondness. J. Walthoe and J. Crokatt, 1725.
Haywood, Eliza. Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh. W. Mears and J. Brindley, 1729.
Haywood, Eliza. Idalia. D. Browne, Jr., W. Chetwood, and S. Chapman, 1723.
Haywood, Eliza. “Introduction”. Three Novellas, edited by Earla Wilputte, Colleagues Press, 1995, pp. 1-15.
Haywood, Eliza. “Introduction”. Adventures of Eovaai, edited by Earla Wilputte, Broadview, 1999, pp. 7-40.
Haywood, Eliza. “Introduction and Chronology of Events in Eliza Haywood’s Life”. The Injur’d Husband, or, The Mistaken Resentment; and, Lasselia, or, The Self-Abandon’d, edited by Jerry C. Beasley, University Press of Kentucky, 1999, p. ix - xlii.
Haywood, Eliza. “Irish Artifice”. The Female Dunciad, T. Read, 1728, pp. 17-30.
Gomez, Madeleine Angélique Poisson de. L’Entretien des Beaux Esprits. Translator Haywood, Eliza, F. Cogan and J. Nourse, 1734, 2 vols.
Gomez, Madeleine Angélique Poisson de. La Belle Assemblée. Translator Haywood, Eliza, D. Browne, Jr., and S. Chapman, 1724.
Haywood, Eliza. Lasselia. D. Browne, Jr., and S. Chapman, 1723.
Boursault, Edmé. Letters from a Lady of Quality to a Chevalier. Translator Haywood, Eliza, William Chetwood, 1720.
Haywood, Eliza. Life’s Progress Through the Passions. T. Gardner, 1748.
Haywood, Eliza. Life’s Progress Through the Passions. Garland Publishing, 1974, http://HSS.